Abstract-only review · 2022
Probiotic mixtures in koi: growth and digestive measurements
The tested microbial preparations improved some growth and enzyme measurements in koi.
Review scope
This summary is based on the published abstract. We have not appraised the full methods, tables or supplementary material. Details absent from the abstract remain unverified.
Question and design
Koi carp in a 60-day feeding experiment. Three candidate microbial preparations labelled LDJ, LAC and LJD. Comparator: Control feed.
What was measured?
Growth, nutrient utilisation, digestive enzymes, antioxidant measurements and intestinal microbiota.
Main findings
The abstract reports improvements with all three preparations; LAC and LJD performed better than LDJ on growth and digestive-enzyme measures. Microbial and antioxidant responses differed.
Study strengths
Comparison of multiple preparations against a control.
Limitations
Formulation-specific results; full statistical methods and microbiome replication were not appraised. Biomarkers do not establish disease resistance.
Researchers’ conclusion
The authors favoured LAC and LJD for the measured growth and digestive outcomes.
Ingredients investigated
Direct ingredient investigations
Probiotics (organisms unspecified)
Direct · fish. Koi carp in a 60-day feeding experiment.
Tested form: Three candidate microbial preparations labelled LDJ, LAC, and LJD; organism identities and preparation details not reported in the reviewed abstract. Dose: Not reported in the reviewed abstract (Feed inclusion; amount not reported). Duration: 60 days. Comparator: Control feed.
Measured finding: The abstract reports improvements with all three preparations; LAC and LJD performed better than LDJ on growth and digestive-enzyme measures. Microbial and antioxidant responses differed.
Limitations: Formulation-specific results; full statistical methods and microbiome replication were not appraised. Biomarkers do not establish disease resistance.
Evidence.pet interpretation
This does not validate unrelated pond products, different microbial strains or benefits in other fish species.
Funding and conflicts
Not verified from the abstract; full declarations have not been reviewed.
Source and review date
Wang Y et al. Comparison of complex candidate probiotics for growth, digestive enzymes, antioxidant measurements and intestinal microbiota in koi carp. Israeli Journal of Aquaculture – Bamidgeh. 2022;74:1–19. Title shortened; DOI identifies the paper.
Read the primary source · DOI record
STU-046. Reviewed 25 September 2026. Next review 25 December 2026.