Abstract-based review · 2014
Astaxanthin and experimental bacterial challenge in common carp
Some immune measures improved. Challenge mortality varied across supplemented groups; not all growth measures improved.
Review scope
Abstract-based review. Full methods, complete statistical results and product equivalence have not been appraised. This is research context, not an individual feeding or treatment recommendation.
Study question and design
Common carp in an experimental feeding and bacterial-challenge study. 0, 25, 50 or 100 mg astaxanthin/kg feed for four weeks, followed by Aeromonas hydrophila challenge.
Main findings
Some immune measures improved. Challenge mortality varied across supplemented groups; not all growth measures improved.
Limitations and applicability
An experimental challenge does not establish treatment of naturally occurring disease. Source preparation and sample size were not established from the abstract.
Ingredients investigated
Direct ingredient investigations
Astaxanthin
Direct · common_carp. Common carp in dietary astaxanthin groups, followed by an experimental Aeromonas hydrophila challenge.
Tested form: Astaxanthin incorporated into feed; source preparation not established in the reviewed abstract. Dose: 100 mg/kg feed (Milligrams astaxanthin per kilogram feed; oral feeding). Duration: Four weeks of feeding before bacterial challenge. Comparator: Feed without added astaxanthin.
Measured finding: Some immune and blood measures increased; not all growth measures improved. Challenge mortality was reported as 35%, 10% and 20% for the 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg groups respectively. Control mortality is not stated in the reviewed abstract.
Limitations: Species-specific challenge experiment. Astaxanthin preparation and sample details are not established in the abstract; no automatic generalization to other ornamental fish or doses.
Astaxanthin
Direct · common_carp. Common carp in dietary astaxanthin groups, followed by an experimental Aeromonas hydrophila challenge.
Tested form: Astaxanthin incorporated into feed; source preparation not established in the reviewed abstract. Dose: 25 mg/kg feed (Milligrams astaxanthin per kilogram feed; oral feeding). Duration: Four weeks of feeding before bacterial challenge. Comparator: Feed without added astaxanthin.
Measured finding: Some immune and blood measures increased; not all growth measures improved. Challenge mortality was reported as 35%, 10% and 20% for the 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg groups respectively. Control mortality is not stated in the reviewed abstract.
Limitations: Species-specific challenge experiment. Astaxanthin preparation and sample details are not established in the abstract; no automatic generalization to other ornamental fish or doses.
Astaxanthin
Direct · common_carp. Common carp in dietary astaxanthin groups, followed by an experimental Aeromonas hydrophila challenge.
Tested form: Astaxanthin incorporated into feed; source preparation not established in the reviewed abstract. Dose: 50 mg/kg feed (Milligrams astaxanthin per kilogram feed; oral feeding). Duration: Four weeks of feeding before bacterial challenge. Comparator: Feed without added astaxanthin.
Measured finding: Some immune and blood measures increased; not all growth measures improved. Challenge mortality was reported as 35%, 10% and 20% for the 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg groups respectively. Control mortality is not stated in the reviewed abstract.
Limitations: Species-specific challenge experiment. Astaxanthin preparation and sample details are not established in the abstract; no automatic generalization to other ornamental fish or doses.
Evidence.pet interpretation
Apply this result only within its species, preparation and study conditions. An ingredient listing alone does not establish that a commercial product reproduces the tested intervention.
Funding and conflicts
Not established from the reviewed abstract.
Ingredient references
These are research references. The tested form, dose and formulation must be matched before using a result to support a product claim.
Source
Jagruthi C et al. Effect of dietary astaxanthin against Aeromonas hydrophila infection in common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Fish and Shellfish Immunology. 2014. DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.10.010.
Primary source record (PMID 25462460) · Publisher DOI
Reviewed 2 October 2026 · Next review 2 January 2027.